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Global Trade Value by Type of Concentration, 2021
Trade Is Still Concentrated in Pockets
Research by McKinsey shows that, in 40% of trade cases, importing countries rely on three or fewer countries for the supply of a given resource or manufactured good. In these ‘concentrated trade’ cases, one quarter of the time is because there are limited suppliers, while the remaining 75% of the time importing countries prefer to do so from only 2 or 3 countries, despite there being many suppliers across the globe. As an example, 15 economies account for 90% of global wheat trade, but most countries buy from just two or three countries. This concentration is not because of a lack of suppliers, but due to a range of factors, including geography, consumer and business preferences, preferential trade arrangements and supplier structures and relationships.
Related Report
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Sustainable International Trade for a Resilient Future
We invite you to explore our in-depth special report, which not only highlights the urgency of transitioning to sustainable international trade but also showcases the innovative solutions being implemented around the globe. With many countries committing to achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050, there is a race against the clock to upgrade the world’s energy and trade infrastructure to achieve this. In this report, we highlight strategies used by trade stakeholders worldwide to foster a sustainable future, focusing on decarbonization, energy and food security, and environmental impact mitigation.
